Monitoring and Evaluations in Development

Observing and Evaluations in Development At the point when the executives of specific projects sets up them, they have to cause a to catch up that guarantees that there is consistence with the set norms and desires for the task (Vaagaasar, 2009). Task the board includes the procedure through which an undertaking is built up, executed, observed, assessed, and any changes made to the framework to accomplish its set objectives and targets (Livingston, 2008).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Monitoring and Evaluations in Development explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oxfam being a universal alliance of fifteen associations working in 98 nations need to have a solid checking and assessment group to deal with its huge volume of work and ventures. Presently Oxfam has gone into a contact with Dak Nong Doet that looks to improve the province’s instruction quality conveyance, the task centers around instructors, students, service of instruction and preparing, and educators. To guarantee th at the objectives of the undertaking have been achieved, Oxfam needs to have a successful observing and assessment program. This paper examines the job that observing and assessment plays in an association and gives proposals on the best methodology that the association can embraced for compelling checking of Dak Nong Doet instruction venture. The idea of Oxfam ventures Oxfam is a universal perceived NGO that sets up different projects focusing on various necessities inside the general public particularly in provincial improvement regions, destitution decrease projects, yearnings and other such projects that requirements quick and powerful consideration. There are various undertakings that the worldwide association oversees and their tendency and approach consistently shift with the expected result. Tasks may appear as common society improvements, ethnic minority issues address, and spotlight on young lady and kid, fixation projects, and ladies strengthening influences. One of the m ost prestige program that Oxfam has attempted effectively is the instruction framework where it targets improving training for the less blessed in networks; the principle focal point of these projects are the hindered regions like underdeveloped nations, debacle stricken zones among different zones that need emerges (Long and Plosser, 1983). In the previous not many years, the primary center that the organization has had is to improve instruction in Tra, Vinh, Lao Cai and Dak Nong territories where the principle center has been young lady youngster programs; when managing the ventures, the organization has its fundamental spotlight on the school, the kid and the service as they are players in the fragment for a viable implementation.Advertising Looking for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More around the same time, the association has been supporting for the extension of its projects or model s through Ministry of Education and Training (Posond, 2008). The following coming years, the association is concentrating on building compelling administration in training in Vietnam where it will have the principle center around the instructors, school directors, understudies, and training agents in all degree of training (Marcus, 2010). Oxfam has marked an exhibition contract with Dak Nong Doet where it targets advancing social responsibility in the areas training part; with the venture that has its own destinations, the association need to have a powerful Monitoring and Evaluation in Development programs. The Monitoring and Evaluation in Development needs to address all regions of the program inability to which it will imply that the activities won't come to fruition and goals won't be achieved (Walkenbach, 1997). Observing and Evaluation in Development Project the board assessment stage has the accompanying tasks to carry out in the whole venture the board: An undertaking can be characterized as an assigned partner of errands that targets achieving a specific assignment inside an association; it has a period, anticipated consumption, anticipated result, and a work system or calendar; in each phase of the task, there are sure estimates that should be considered to guarantee that the venture is running easily. Oxfam venture assessment should address every single hazardous region and guarantee that right measures have been taken to hold fast to the set targets and objectives (Newbold,1998). Basically Monitoring and Evaluation in Development has the accompanying fundamental goals to achieve close by the undertakings primary objectives:Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Monitoring and Evaluations in Development explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More to design, arrange and control exercises: this is to guarantee that the set degree of activity is kept up in time, costs, and the normal conveyance time Manage exercises and sort out assets (both human and physical) for the venture. This guarantees the human capital that is associated with the tasks accommodates their jobs and they don't get sequential increases from the activities. The idea of Oxfam ventures is that an individual can get immediate profit by the undertaking to the detriment of the bigger populace; such moves ought to be constrained by Monitoring and Evaluation programs (Pons, 2008) placing all the coordinations of an undertaking into place so that there will be full fulfillment of venture objectives and destinations: the commitment that Oxfam has entered with Dak Nong Doet ought to be investigated to guarantee that the two players to the program cling to what they had guaranteed one another; when such moves have been taken then the objectives of the undertaking will be achieved adequately Ensuring that the venture is cultivated in time with the accessible assets and if conceivable have some new methodologies of fruition of assignments that is s uperior to the first arrangement. Dak Nong Doet and Oxfam venture has some likely dangers that the organization’s checking and assessment projects should address before they limit the accomplishment of the whole undertaking. The appropriation and arrangement of the Oxfam-Dak Nong Doet training framework includes incredible dangers, principally because of the immense starting costs, high over-spending proportion, risks low achievement rate, inability to meet the task objectives, and incomplete fulfillment of the at first set usage. Besides, inception costs are regularly more prominent than a custom-made mix plan however support and alteration expenses of post-usage are lower; Dak Nong Doet and Oxfam chose to have a methodology that not just observes Dak Nong Doet understudies achieve great training yet one that guarantees progression and upkeep of the venture. McComb, Kennedy, Green and Compton (2008) makes an assessment system with respect to the primary issues experienced in the country advancement programs and the related expenses and advantages; the investigation has underlined the necessities of a subjective and quantitative assessment of; the essayist likewise recommend that assessment and observing should attempt to evaluate endeavors of fusing intangibles into regular money saving advantage examination. It is recommended that dynamic ought to be founded on scoring techniques, cost/advantage examination, hazard investigation and positioning. Be that as it may, a few researchers contend that scoring and positioning strategies are clear however lacking because of the task relationship. Cost/advantage and hazard investigation strategies are inadequate either for the interrelated standards (McComb, Kennedy, Green and Compton, 2008). The idea of Monitoring and Evaluation as ought to be embraced by Oxfam and Dak Nong Doet venture The principle point that the observing and assessment of the program center around is the improvement of pioneers and adminis trators who can be depended upon to see the whole task happen successfully; the pioneers ought to expect the job of arranging and settling on responsive choices that will see the program happen viably, at any one point the projects ought to guarantee that the projects arrive at larger part of populace living in neediness and to continue the change over some undefined time frame. The Oxfam and Dak Nong Doet venture checking and assessment projects ought to think about the legitimacy of approaches, systems and projects for both quantitative and subjective change; this will encourage the presence of equivalent assets conveyance and guaranteeing that the objective gathering get the advantages as had been anticipated.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The projects should grasp elevated levels of straightforwardness, responsibility and elite as it must be through such approaches that it can succeed and the individuals focused by different ventures advantage. With a viable observing and assessment gauges, the association will be guaranteed that its supports address issues in the general public and they stay economical as the organization would have needed them to be. Information assortment strategies for the assessment When a venture is running, there are governing rules that ought to be actualized to offer warnings for the situation the set targets and pathways as has been laid are not clung to. Task chiefs have the order of guaranteeing that there are compelling interior controls that address any odds of hazard; to gather information on the advancement and the means to make coming up next are powerful strategy for observing and assessment information assortment; Use productive trial reports Before usage and after execution of an u ndertaking, an Oxfam ought to be taking a proper examination on what the world is experiencing and make significant reports that can help in the administration of the venture; it ought to be in contact with the events in the venture zone and different regions of the economy. It is critical to consider the accompanying key report types: Single-page venture report: this is a short report that offers a solitary however direct handle of the task. It ought to

Observation Essay Topics - Facts to Consider When Writing

Observation Essay Topics - Facts to Consider When WritingWriting observational essays is a relatively easy skill to learn, but it requires that you're able to take a closer look at the most common observational essay topics that are offered. The way to do this is to first consider what you're going to write about before you start writing. In other words, write about what you know, and you won't need to think too much when it comes to actually finding your writing style.The topic of school can be a very interesting one. For instance, suppose you're in school, and you've been asked to give a speech. What would you say? Well, if you're writing an observational essay about your experience as a student, then you have to keep the following facts in mind:School doesn't seem to make much sense to most people when they were in school. There are certain theories that govern the development of people's minds, but most of them just don't apply to school. However, school is important for many dif ferent reasons, and most people are involved in the learning process.People who attend school often feel pressured to conform, and this pressure often leads to the decline of their intelligence, even as they continue to learn in school. There are many more reasons why a school might be important to a person, but most people would agree that the school makes a lot of sense.Before you can say 'school', most people have to get there, and this usually means getting into the classroom. When you're in school, you get challenged in ways that simply wouldn't happen outside of school. Those who are new to school also get stressed out by how long it takes for them to learn the basics.So, when you're writing an observational essay, you want to write about what you know. By that, I mean write about the experiences you've had as a student. Here are some of the topics you should consider using when writing your observations about school:A person might find themselves writing about a bad experienc e that happened at school, but a number of them will also be able to write about a good experience. This is something that must be kept in mind when you're writing your observations about school.Keep in mind these facts, and you'll be able to begin writing your observations about school. If you take the time to consider the facts mentioned here, you'll soon begin to see what observational essay topics you can write about.

Outline and Evaluate Research Into Privation free essay sample

AO1 Privation is the point at which a kid has the option to frame a connection to an essential guardian detracted from them; the choice to make these urgent connections isn’t there. On the off chance that Bowlby’s hypothesis is right, at that point in view of this failure to frame connections, newborn children ought to grow up battling to shape connections and connections to any other individual. AO1 P: Evidence taking a gander at the impacts of privation originates from the instance of Genie. E: She was 13 years of age when she was found, in the wake of consuming her whole time on earth up until that point, secured a room. Her dad exposed her to this remorselessness in light of the fact that he presumed she was hindered. At the point when she was discovered she couldn't talk or stand appropriately. E: She never completely recouped socially after she was found and it was accounted for that she indicated a lack of engagement in others. This absence of recuperation is support for Bowlby’s hypothesis, in that since she neglected to frame connections this influenced her connections and she grew up. We will compose a custom article test on Layout and Evaluate Research Into Privation or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page AO2 P; Although this contextual investigation is high in environmental legitimacy it is additionally low in populace legitimacy. E: This implies the discoveries from Genies case aren’t suitable to be summed up to the whole populace. Her conditions were extraordinary and different elements were included, for example, her impediment. We don’t know whether genie was hindered before her dad bolted her away, however in the event that she was, E: her condition would’ve implied her capacity to frame connections might be diverse to others regardless of whether her childhood had been ordinary and the essential connection made. AO1 P: Another investigation that inquires about into privation is the Czech twins; anyway the outcomes were unique in relation to that of Genie . E: The Czech twins went through the initial 7 years of their lives bolted up by their stepmother. At the point when found they couldn’t talk yet by the age of 14, going through 7 years being taken care of by another person, they showed close to ordinary social and scholarly working. E: Like genie, the opportunity to shape a connection to an essential parental figure was removed, anyway the twins grew up to lead genuinely ordinary lives with the capacity to frame connections to other people. AO2 P: The analysis for Bowlby’s hypothesis in this examination originates from that reality that the twins grew up to have full existences with a few connections, despite the fact that they had missed the basic time frame. E: However, Bowlby contends that the main explanation the twins had the option to recuperate so effectively was on the grounds that all through their horrible experience they had one another, though Genie was separated from everyone else. : E: The twins shaped their essential connection to one another and in this manner weren’t totally alone. AO1 P: One of the most all around controlled investigations into privation was the longitudinal examination completed by Hodges and Tizard. They evaluated 65 kids at normal interims up until they were 16. E: The youngsters had been organized, during the basic time frame and didn't have the chance to build up a connection. These kids demonstrated issues with peers, they were progressively combative and more consideration chasing. 70% of them demonstrated a powerlessness to think about anybody. E: This backings Bowlby’s hypothesis that the inability to frame connections during the basic time frame has AO2 P: It has been contended that a shortcoming in Hodge and Tizard’s study is contrast between the pace of recouping from received youngsters to those reestablished to their regular guardians E: It has been proposed that the guardians might not have put as much enthusiastic time into their kids and this is the reason they didn't build up a solid connection. As the youngsters were detracted from the guardians there would have been misuse issues and that these may have made the kids experience issues sometime down the road. E: It is troublesome subsequently to decide why kids don't get joined and there might be different asset out-with being denied of an essential parental figure during youth. AO1: P: Rutter et al likewise led an investigation into privation. A gathering of around 100 Romanian vagrants were contemplated and surveyed at the ages of 4, 6 and 11 years of age. They were received by British families and demonstrated typical enthusiastic turn of events; anyway following a half year a large number of them indicated disinhibited connection (where newborn children can show overfriendliness and don’t segregate between who they pick as connection figures) and issues with peers. This backings Bowlby’s hypothesis, in light of the absence of an essential connection figure and its impact on later connections and connections. In any case, when contrasted with a whole populace its hard to sum up these outcomes and apply them as a general pattern.

Critical Analysis Of Shariah Compliance Filters Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The Shariah Compliance Filters were developed under the supervision of known Islamic scholars and Islamic Finance specialists. These filters were based the criteria for our research since they are the only known criterion for a company listed on a stock exchange to be classified as Shariah Compliant if all six filters are passed. There is not much information given about how these filters were formed or what were the aspects taken under consideration in their formation. As we continued our research and studied the filters more closely, there were a lot questions raised about the background of these filters. Here we would like to shed some light on some of the things that we believed were worth discussing and looked to be missing among the six filters. Screening Criteria # 1: Business of the Investee Company In order to judge the Shariah compliance of any counter-party, it is important to consider the nature of the business it is engaged in. When it is an investment in equity, the investor automatically becomes responsible for the way business is structured. The Shariah categorizes certain commercial activities as impermissible or haram for Muslims. This impermissibility makes the investment in the shares of any company engaged in such activities as its main business, is clearly prohibited in Islam. There are cases when a company is engaged in haram activities, and as part of the operation they have to indulge in actions which are not allowed. On the other hand, a company maybe involved in an activity that is allowed but has a subsidiary or investments in another company, which may be involved in non-Shariah compliant businesses. Conventional ulema do not authorize investing in a company whose operations are haram to any extent. Whereas some other Ulemas allow investment in equities of companies which derive a minor part of their income from prohibited activities, as long as such activities are not the main area of business. So far other ulema agree to such respite only if the same can be justified on grounds of maslahah i.e. public interest. But exception is made if the activities are as invasive in the society as the evil, hard to avoid. For example serving alcoholic drinks. Some things that need to be taken under consideration: a) Debt availed by the company; b) Interest and other suspect earnings of the company; c) Extent of cash and receivables with the company. Keeping in view the above discussion, it clarifies the aspect of what business a company does and if that business is Halal or not. Very clearly it states in the Holy Quran that alcohol is strictly prohibited, so if a company deals in a business of alcohol, it is Haram. Similarly, any company whose core business runs on interest (riba) is also Haram. All this is well explained, but now we move on to things that have not been clarified and most of which are a common practice in our world today. Let us first look at the aspect of bribery. Bribery has also been strictly prohibited in Islam. There are a lot of businesses that according to the 1st screening criteria are Halal, but are they still Halal if these businesses are dealing bribery? There is no answer to that in this. Another argument is that if a brewing company makes and sells alcohol, it is creating work opportunities and contributing to the development of the society. Reminded that consumption of alcohol is prohibited, and there are religions and cultures that promote the drinking of alcohol, so if a company is producing and exporting alcohol, should it really be termed Haram? Answers to these questions are unanswered by the Ullama and these filters do not address them. All this seems very easy, if the companys core business is according to the teachings of Islam, it is Halal, what about its operations? Shouldnt the operations of the company be also taken into account? It is agreed that it is difficult to take such aspects into consideration but then the basic purpose of these filters in our perspective is not achieved. Screening Criteria # 2: Market price/Share Net Liquid Assets/Share Net Liquid Assets / Share = T.A F.A Inventory CL LTL / No. of shares outstanding Market price of the share must be greater than the net liquid assets per share. It implies that the company should invest its excess liquid funds in its operations i.e. buy the assets for which the company acquired funds from the general public. This will decrease the ratio of net liquid assets per share. Similarly, effective operational performance will increase profitability of the company and this will be reflected in higher ROE, ROI, ROCE, and EPS etc. This will push up the demand for the companys shares and the market price of that company will eventually increase enabling the company to meet this ratio. Comparing the market price to the net liquid assets again does not make much sense in the accounting or financial term. The market price is an external determinant where as the net liquid assets are in complete control of the company. If a company wants to manipulate its net liquid assets, it can very easily do so, where as the market price is determined by the market as a whole. So comparing these two ratios dont make much sense in the conventional finance. A lot factors among the net liquid assets can turn out different for different companies. Not every company uses the same accounting principles. A change in the reporting method can and does bring about a substantial difference. For example a company that uses a straight line depreciation method could have a different value then a company reporting declining method. If a company manipulates its reportings in such a way only to become Shariaah Compliant, is this considered Halal? Similarly, recording the inventory in the LIFO, FIFO or Weighted Average can change the end of year inventory. No solution to deal with this has been specified. It is again taken into consideration that such matters are out of the reach of the researcher. The basic aim of the company is to serve its share holders and is market price to net liquid the correct way to judge that? Earnings per share can provide a good view so as to how the company is doing and how it is serving its share holder. There is no denying these filters, these are only the questions that have not been answered by the shariah council and in todays world everything needs to have a logic, not everything can be relied upon blindly. There has to be solid grounds on which such criterions are to be built. This is the basic aim of this critique. Screening Criteria # 3: Illiquid Assets/Total Assets 0.20 or 20% Illiquid Assets = TA Liquid Assets (Cash, Cash equivalents, A/R, Advances, B/As etc.) Illiquid Assets are tangible assets that are not liquid. Examples include plant, machinery, inventory, building, furniture, fixtures etc. It implies that the company should invest the funds it generates from the public to invest in the tangible assets. An increase in the number of tangible assets gives the signal to the public that the company is or is planning to expand its operations and hence this sentiment can attract investors and push up the market price of the companys shares. Furthermore, this will increase the depreciation expense of the company and hence it will decrease the corporate taxes the company needs to pay to the government. The ratio of illiquid assets to total assets should be greater than 20% is more of a way to show the public that if the ratio is more than 20%, the company is or planning on expanding, which is a good sign. But is this ratio really a criterion for the company to be doing well? A company that owns more than 20% assets could also be going through high losses and not meeting the hopes of the investors. Also, it has also been seen as a common practice to overvalue the assets in order to show more worth. In such a case the company would looks stable and growing where as it is only trying to get the market price of its shares on a rise to attract investors. As discussed before, such manipulations in the financial statements of a company are the responsibility of the company. If a company is not being honest about its financials, should it really be classified at Shariah Complainant? The shariah advisory board must have done their homework when these filters were created, it is obligatory on them to address these problems before these filters are considered bogus. Screening Criteria # 4: Non-Compliant Income 5% of Gross Revenue Non Compliant Income includes interest; income from gambling, conventional interest based derivatives, structured products and other such instruments, income from nightclubs, prostitution, casinos, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, dividend income from above mentioned businesses etc. However, Capital Gain on scrips of such businesses need not be purified. If investments from the non-compliant businesses will be divested, it will decrease the income ratio of non-compliant income to total income. The qualitative effects of such disinvestment will be the improved image of the company in the eyes of all stakeholders especially the shareholders, creditors and the customers. Screening Criteria # 5: Non-Shariah Compliant Investments 33% of Total Assets Non-Shariah Compliant Investments include investments in money market funds, money market instruments, bonds, PIBs, FIBs, CoIs, CoDs, TFCs, DSCs, conventional speculative derivatives and structured products etc. If investments from the non-compliant businesses will be divested, it will decrease the ratio of non-compliant investments to total assets. The qualitative effects of such disinvestment will be the improved image of the company in the eyes of all stakeholders especially the shareholders, creditors and the customers. Screening Criteria # 6: Interest Bearing Debt 40% of Total Assets Interest Bearing Debt includes Bonds, TFCs, Conventional Bank Loans, Finance Lease, and Preference Shares etc. Debt financing is a double-edge sword. Leveraged companies can magnify their returns in booms, but in slumps, they lose the edge and can even go bankrupt and make both their shareholders and creditors suffer. Debt financing results in a zero-sum game in which at least one stakeholder i.e. shareholders or creditors suffer. Equity financing ensures normal returns in booms and survival in slumps. Therefore, the company will not be squeezed of liquidity as interest expense as an autonomous expense will not feature as a significant portion of total operating expenses. All the above mentioned tests are to be passed in order to be categorized as Shariah Compliant, if any one of the test fails the company will be taken as non-Compliant.

The Imperative Mood in Italian

Lung Cancer The Common Type Of Cancer - 1963 Words

According to the American Cancer Society, lung cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world and has a mortality rate higher than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined.1 There are 3 types of lung cancer including non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are non-small cell, which include subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.2 Although less common, making up 10-15% of lung cancers, small-cell lung cancer is known for its rapid growth and spread.2 The types of lung cancer vary greatly in the prognosis and management of disease, as rate of growth, risk of metastasis, rate of recurrence, and treatment options are different with each.2 Physical therapy serves an integral role in the management of patients with lung cancer by providing interventions to optimize pulmonary and cardiovascular function. Risk factors that increase the chances of developing lung cancer include smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, exposure to radon gas, exposure to asbestos or other chemicals, and family history of lung cancer.1 Above all others, cigarette smoking is the most strongly correlated and preventable risk factor in lung cancer development.1,2 Approximately 80-90% of the deaths from lung cancer are the result of smoking, accounting for 90% of the lung cancer deaths in men and 80% of the deaths in women.1,2 Cancer cells are formed by DNA-mutatingShow MoreRelatedLung Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer896 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, but more importantly, it has a very low survival rate. The sad truth is that nearly all cases of lung cancer could have been prevented, simply by not smoking. Mr. Ward is a perfect example of this in the case study. Having smoked for approximately 67 years, it was only a matter of time before he developed some type of cancer, in this case lung cancer. This paper will describe how lung cancer, specifically squamous cell cancer of the rightRead MoreLung cancer is one of the most common types of cancers in the world. There are three main types of700 Words   |  3 Pages Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancers in the world. There are three main types of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lung carcinoid tumor. Just like any other cancer, lung cancer is dangerous, and a life threatening problem. Many studies and researches have been presented to find a cure, but an exact cure has yet to be found. There are however multiple causes, ways to diagnose, and treatments for lung cancer. 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Free sample note on social work benefits of the population

Question: Discuss about theSocial Work for Benefit of the Population. Answer: Introduction: The professional application of the principles, values and techniques of social work for the benefit of the population is known as social work practice. The social work comprises of the psychotherapy with the individuals and helps the communities to improve their social lives. The issue of mental health has global impact and is considered as the most significant contributor in the burden of disease worldwide. The post modern perspectives impacted the social work in a dramatic way (Fook Pease, 2016). It contributed to the individual perceptions about our societies and the process of the creation of knowledge. The practice of improving mental health in Australia considers the knowledge of social, cultural, economic dimensions and the human development along with the interconnecting factors (Fook Pease, 2016). The social constructivism perspectives emphasizes on the fact that the human development is directly related to the social situation and knowledge can be gathered from the inter actions with others. The critical approaches provide an in-depth assessment of the current situation and help to devise suitable strategies in the mental health practice. Discussions Mental health, as defined by World Health Organizations (W.H.O), is a state of emotional as well as social well being that helps the individuals to cope up with the usual stresses of life and hence realize its true potential (World Health Organization, 2016). A complex interplay of the social, environmental, economic, psychological and biological factors affects the mental capabilities of the people (World Health Organization, 2016). The issues of the mental health are characterized by retarded social, emotional and cognitive functioning that affects the mental well being of the population (World Health Organization, 2016). The mental health practice is a part of the social work domain which consists of the social context of the mental illness. The purpose of the mental health practice in Australia is the promotion, recovery and restoration of wellbeing of the community so that the individuals have enhanced capabilities to control their own lives (World Health Organization, 2016). Th e practice of social work takes place at the interface between the environment and the individual. The registered providers of Australia, Accredited Mental Health Social Workers, are specialized mental health experts who are assigned responsibilities by the Commonwealth Government by Australia to safeguard the mental health of the population (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). They are eligible to provide better services in mental health care programs and better management of the chronic diseases (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). They treat various mental disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety problems, depression, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts, psychosis, family conflicts, relationship issues, life crisis and others (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). The mental health social workers should possess good knowledge of the mental health as well as mental illness in Australia. It consists of the psychiatric classifications, crucial syndromes and the social history of the mental diseases (Dudgeon, Milroy Walker 2014). It also consists of the recovery principles, psychological interventions, mental health disciplines and the consumer issues concerning mental health (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). The mental health social workers should be knowledgeable about the practice standards in Australia such as Practice Standards for Mental Health Social Workers and the Code of Ethics (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). These standards give an idea of the social practices concerning mental health in an Australian context. The workers should also identify the value positions that put emphasis on this domain. There are general principles that should be followed by the social health workers engaging in mental health. They should have respect for individuals, obligation for social justice, maintain confidentiality and self-determination while dealing with the patients. The social work theories explain the purpose of the society towards the victims of mental illness (Aasw.asn.au, 2016). They focus on the social environment, human behaviours and the change processes that dominate the mental health domain. There is an impact of the economic, political and social factors on the mental work practice in Australia. The political conflict in a country affects the living conditions of the people and also the disease burden of the community. The social workers need to take account of the political scenario in Australia and assess the present emotional state of the community. The patients may be suffering from emotional stress, anxiety, fear, clashing of the national identities or cultures, resilience and others (DuBois Miley, 2013). There are several moral dilemmas of the people which need to be addressed by the mental health social workers. The political unrest between the international boundaries demands the special attention of the mental health social workers (DuBois Miley, 2013). The political ideology of the country determines the course of action taken by the mental health social workers. The political ideology determines the major decisions taken by the Government for the betterment of the people (DuBois Miley, 2013). The social work is affected by the political framework of the country as it provides the possible course of action according to the environmental pressures (DuBois Miley, 2013). The revolution of the welfare classes may affect the mental status of the population. The economic factors also affect the population to a large extent. The recession affected the mental health of the population. The social workers need to understand that the people would become prone to anxiety and panic in the case of economic downturn (Blanchard, Jaumotte Loungani, 2014). The economic recession also affects the unemployment, which in turn contributes to the stress of the people (Blanchard, Jaumotte Loungani, 2014). The lack of employment opportunities deprives the people of housing facilities. The mental health social workers should understand these parameters and should strive to provide effective solutions to them. They should be befriending with their clients and link their conditions to the economic scenario of the country. There would be increased debt, which would cause significant fear in the minds of the people. There is a need of counseling and understanding the viewpoints of the victims of the mental illness (Sue et al., 2015). There is also a need to i ncrease the support of the mentally ill patients by creating legislative frameworks. The social workers should strive to protect the employment rights of the mentally disabled patients (Sue et al., 2015). They should not be entitled to reduced employment opportunities (Sue et al., 2015). The mental health social workers should emphasize on the support of the job centers in providing customized employment opportunities to the mentally disabled patients. The social factors also impact the mental health of the people of Australia. The effect of the mental illness may have great influence on the society. The social problems of the society like poverty, reduced productivity due to trauma, customs, ineffective government policies, work stress, problems in the work environment and others impact the mental health of the people. In Australia, the phenomenon of racism is common, which is a major cause of mental disabilities among the patients (de Lepervanche, 2013). This causes psychological trauma among the native people, which needs to be addressed by the mental health social workers (de Lepervanche, 2013). The social workers need to be careful about the violence in schools which affects the young population. They are also vulnerable to the emotional imbalances at the time of puberty. The unfair labor conditions in Australia also pose serious threats to the mental health of the population (Milner et al., 2015). The employees may not be sat isfied with their jobs which may further increase their stress levels (Milner et al., 2015). The social workers need to be careful about the problems of the youth, who represent a major section of the population. There are increased incidents of drug abuse among the youths. The community disorganization and low neighborhood attachment are some of the common reasons of low morale of the youths. The youths from the ethnic minority groups pose greater chances of low self confidence as well as low self-esteem. The social workers should identify issues such as sexual abuse, depression, suicidal tendencies and identification of the high risk teenagers (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2015). They should make the health care accessible to all, especially the adolescents. There should be more health care providers for the young population (Geldard, Geldard Foo, 2015). The mental health social workers must understand the fact that mental health is a prerequisite for achieving an optimum quality of li fe. Conclusion The mental health social workers are crucial in improving the health status of the population. The social workers need to have extensive knowledge regarding the health status of the community. They should assess the impacts of the external environments in the mental well being of the society. The external factors include the political, economic and social parameters that determine the degree of mental disability among the people. This paper discusses about the mental health situation in Australia and the role of mental health social workers in upgrading the condition of the population. This paper also strived to connect the critical social work perspectives with the approaches of the mental health social worker. It would broaden the understanding of the role of the mental health social workers in the world, especially in Australia. References Blanchard, O. J., Jaumotte, F., Loungani, P. (2014). Labor market policies and IMF advice in advanced economies during the Great Recession.IZA Journal of Labor Policy,3(1), 1-23. de Lepervanche, M. (2013). Racism and sexism in Australian national life.Sydney Studies in Society and Culture,4. DuBois, B. L., Miley, K. K. (2013).Social work: An empowering profession. Pearson Higher Ed. Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H., Walker, R. (2014). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice.Pat. Fook, J., Pease, B. (Eds.). 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